API 5L Grade X70 PSL2 Seamless Pipe
API 5L Grade X70 PSL2 Seamless Pipe is an ultra-high-strength carbon steel line pipe used for the transportation of oil and natural gas.
X70 indicates a minimum yield strength of 70,000 psi (485 MPa).
PSL2 denotes a higher product specification level with mandatory impact testing, strict chemical limits, and defined maximum yield strengths.
Seamless (SMLS) manufacturing ensures there is no longitudinal weld seam, allowing the pipe to handle extreme internal pressures and harsh environmental stresses more reliably than welded alternatives.
Concerned about quality risks? Click to request sample inspection reports from SGS/TUV for our X70 PSL2 pipes.
API 5L Grade X70 PSL2 Specification Table
| Item | Description |
| Standard | API Spec 5L (46th Edition) / ISO 3183 |
| Grade | X70 / L485 |
| Product Level | PSL2 (Product Specification Level 2) |
| Manufacturing Type | Seamless (SMLS) |
| Outer Diameter (OD) | 1/2" – 24" (Standard Seamless range) |
| Wall Thickness (WT) | SCH 20, SCH 40, SCH 80, SCH 160, SCH XXS (Up to 60mm) |
| Length | Single Random (SRL), Double Random (DRL), Fixed 12m |
| End Finish | Beveled End (BE), Plain End (PE) |
| Coating Options | FBE, 3LPE, 3LPP, Internal Epoxy Lining |
Chemical Composition Table (Max % for SMLS PSL2)
X70 requires micro-alloying elements to achieve high strength.
| Carbon (C) | Manganese (Mn) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | Silicon (Si) | Nb/V/Ti |
| 0.24% | 1.80% | 0.025% | 0.015% | 0.45% | Individual or Sum limits |
| Carbon Equivalent (CEiiw) | ≤ 0.43 (For C > 0.12%) |
Mechanical Properties Table (PSL2)
PSL2 requires both minimum and maximum limits for strength to ensure ductility.
| Property | Value (Grade X70 / L485 PSL2) |
| Yield Strength (Min - Max) | 485 - 635 MPa (70,300 - 92,100 psi) |
| Tensile Strength (Min - Max) | 570 - 760 MPa (82,700 - 110,200 psi) |
| Yield to Tensile Ratio | ≤ 0.93 (Maximum) |
| Elongation (Min) | Calculated based on cross-sectional area |
| Charpy Impact Toughness | Mandatory testing (typically at 0°C or -20°C) |
API 5L X70 Pipe Dimensions
Common wall thicknesses (mm) per ASME B36.10M for X70 Seamless.
| NPS | OD (mm) | SCH 40 (mm) | SCH 80 (mm) | SCH 120 (mm) | SCH 160 (mm) |
| 6" | 168.3 | 7.11 | 10.97 | 14.27 | 18.26 |
| 8" | 219.1 | 8.18 | 12.70 | 18.26 | 23.01 |
| 12" | 323.8 | 10.31 | 17.48 | 25.40 | 33.32 |
| 16" | 406.4 | 12.70 | 21.44 | 31.75 | 40.49 |
| 24" | 610.0 | 17.48 | 30.96 | 46.02 | 59.54 |
Tests Referred for API 5L X70 PSL2 Pipe
PSL2 pipes undergo rigorous testing to guarantee safety in high-pressure environments.
Hydrostatic Test: 100% of pipes are tested to ensure no leakage under high pressure.
Tensile Test: Measures yield, tensile strength, and elongation.
CVN Impact Test: Mandatory Charpy V-Notch test on pipe body to ensure fracture toughness.
DWT Test: Drop Weight Tear test (for pipes > OD 16") to ensure crack arrest properties.
NDT (Non-Destructive Testing): Full body Ultrasonic (UT) or Electromagnetic (EM) inspection to find internal flaws.
Visual & Dimensional Inspection: Checks for straightness, OD, WT, and surface defects.
Manufacturing of API 5L X70 PSL2 Line Pipe
| Stage | Process Description |
| 1. Billet Heating | Solid round steel billets are heated in a rotary hearth furnace. |
| 2. Piercing | The hot billet is pierced by a mandrel to create a hollow tube. |
| 3. Rolling | The tube is elongated and the wall thickness is reduced using a multi-stand mill. |
| 4. Sizing/Stretching | The pipe is passed through sizing mills to reach final OD dimensions. |
| 5. Heat Treatment | Mandatory for X70 PSL2 (Quenching & Tempering) to reach X70 properties. |
| 6. Finishing | Cooling, straightening, and cutting to length. |
Application of API 5L X70 Line Pipe
Due to its high strength, X70 is reserved for the most demanding applications:
Long-Distance Trunklines: Moving massive volumes of gas/oil over thousands of miles with high operating pressures.
Offshore/Deepwater Pipelines: Resisting high external water pressure and internal fluid pressure.
High-Pressure Gas Pipelines: Where reducing wall thickness saves significant material costs.
Arctic/Cold Environments: Where high toughness (PSL2) prevents brittle fractures in freezing temperatures.
Delivery Condition
For API 5L X70 PSL2, the pipe must be delivered in a heat-treated state:
Q (Quenched and Tempered): The most common condition for X70 SMLS. The steel is heated, rapidly cooled (quenched), and then reheated (tempered) to achieve an optimal balance of ultra-high strength and high toughness.
N (Normalized): Less common for X70; used if the chemistry allows strength targets to be met via grain refinement.
API 5L X70 PSL2 pipeline for oil and gas Factory
API 5L X70 PSL2 oil and gas pipelines test equipments
API 5L X70 PSL2 Oil and gas transmission pipe Certificate
FAQ
What is the density of X70 steel?
The density of API 5L X70 steel is approximately:
Metric:
7,850 kg/m3 (or 7.85 g/cm3 )
Imperial:
0.284 lb/in3(or approximately 490 lb/ft3)
What is API 5L X70 equivalent ASTM?
There is no direct 1:1 equivalent for API 5L X70 in the common ASTM pipe standards (like ASTM A106 or ASTM A53).
This is because most common ASTM pipe standards were designed for refinery, plant, and utility piping, whereas API 5L X70 is a specialized high-strength steel designed specifically for long-distance cross-country pipelines.
| Standard | Grade | Yield Strength (Min) | Note |
| API 5L | X70 | 70,000 psi | The Pipeline Standard |
| ISO 3183 | L485 | 485 MPa | Direct Global Equivalent |
| ASTM A694 | F70 | 70,000 psi | Equivalent for Flanges |
| ASTM A860 | WPHY 70 | 70,000 psi | Equivalent for Fittings |
| ASTM A106 | Grade C | 40,000 psi | Not an equivalent (Too weak) |
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