How is the density of X52 carbon steel calculated?

The following are some common methods and principles for calculating the density of X52 carbon steel pipes:
Theoretical calculation method
Calculation based on the proportion of components: Carbon steel is mainly composed of iron and carbon, and also contains a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur, phosphorus and other elements. The density can be calculated based on the density of each element and its approximate content in X52 carbon steel. For example, the density of iron is about 7.86g/cm³, the density of carbon is about 2.25g/cm³, the density of silicon is about 2.33g/cm³, etc. Assuming that the carbon content in X52 carbon steel is 0.2%, the silicon content is 0.3%, and the rest is basically iron, its density can be roughly estimated by the weighted average method, but this method is more complicated and the content of each element in different batches of steel fluctuates to a certain extent, so it is rarely used to accurately calculate the density of X52 carbon steel.
Calculation of lattice structure and atomic weight: From a microscopic perspective, the theoretical density can be calculated based on the lattice structure and atomic weight of steel. However, this method requires a deep understanding of the crystal structure and atomic arrangement of the material. For complex alloy systems, the calculation process is cumbersome and there are many assumptions and approximations. It is rarely used to directly calculate the density of X52 carbon steel in actual engineering.
Empirical value method
Reference to the density of ordinary carbon steel: In general, the density of ordinary carbon steel is about 7.85g/cm³. As a type of carbon steel, X52 carbon steel can usually take this value as its density.
According to steel manuals and standards: Various steel manuals and related standards will give reference values ​​for the density of X52 carbon steel. For example, in some industry standards or material manuals, the density of X52 carbon steel is specified to be 7.85g/cm³ or between 7.8 and 7.85g/cm³.